When writing titles, every word counts, and knowing which to capitalize can be tricky. You might wonder if small words like 'per' should get a big first letter too. Different style guides like Chicago, MLA, APA, and AP have their own rules, and they're not all the same. Get ready to look at the world of title capitalization and finally find out how to give every word the attention it deserves , yes, even the little ones!
Quick Answer
In Chicago, MLA, APA, and AP styles, the word "per" stays lowercase in a title unless it is the first word, the last word, or it directly follows a colon or dash. That rule is consistent across every major American style guide.
You can also paste any title into the free title case converter at the top of the page to apply these rules automatically.
Wondering if the word 'per' should start with a capital letter in your title? The simple answer is: it depends on the style guide you are following. Each writing style has its own rules for capitalization in titles.
Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS)
If you're using the Chicago Manual of Style, lower-case 'per' in your titles. CMOS suggests that prepositions, regardless of length, should be in lower case unless they are the first or last word in a title.
Example: Running at Ten Miles per Hour
Modern Language Association (MLA)
According to MLA guidelines, 'per' should not be capitalized in a title unless it is the first or last word. MLA advises capitalizing all words in titles except articles, coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions.
Example: The Velocity of Sound per Second in Different Media
American Psychological Association (APA)
The American Psychological Association style also suggests using a lower-case 'per'. APA's title case rules indicate that all prepositions of three letters or fewer should be lowercased unless they are the first word in the title or subtitle.
Example: Effects of Sun Exposure per Day on Skin Health
Associated Press (AP)
The Associated Press style has a slightly different approach. It says to capitalize 'per' only if it is part of a Latin expression or a verb. For common use as a preposition, keep it in lower case.
Example: Calories Burned per Mile While Jogging
Always check with the specific style guide you're required to follow for your writing. Each guide has nuances, and being consistent with these rules will make your writing polished and professional.
Remember, when you're wrapping your mind around title capitalization, small words like 'per' usually stay in lowercase. It's short, commonly a preposition, and doesn't need the spotlight in styles like APA, MLA, or Chicago, except if it's the first or last word in a title. AP style is a bit different, as it caps all words with four or more letters, so 'per' stays lowercase even there. Always check your style guide to be sure and keep your writing sharp and your titles crisp. ; you're now equipped to tackle that next headline with confidence!
For a deeper breakdown of how each guide handles capitalization, see the title case styles guide.
